On June 18, 2025, The Economic Times reported that illegal herbicide-tolerant Bt (HTBt) cotton seeds—banned in India—have quietly captured around 15% of the domestic cotton seed market (estimated at ₹3,600 crore), creating an unregulated side market worth approximately ₹600 crore.These HTBt seeds allow farmers to use herbicides for weed control, reducing labour and cost—appealing despite environmental risks. This signals persistent regulatory and enforcement weaknesses, as well as strong demand for more affordable farming technologies .

The market penetration (15%) shows this isn’t a niche issue—it’s a significant portion of the industry unchecked by formal channels .

While these seeds provide cost-savings, they bypass safety and biodiversity protections. It’s important for growers to stick with approved seeds and follow government advisories.

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