A recent report by the Praja Foundation highlights ongoing water scarcity and sanitation challenges in Mumbai’s slums, despite the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation’s (BMC) promises of 24/7 services.

In 2024, Mumbai’s average daily water supply was just 5.37 hours, with only 4% of the city receiving round-the-clock water. Slum areas received approximately 45 liters per capita per day (LPCD), significantly below the 135 LPCD recommended for non-slum areas. This disparity forces slum residents to rely on private water tankers, costing them around ₹729 per month, compared to ₹25.76 for metered connections in other areas. Additionally, nearly 395 million liters of water were lost daily due to pipeline leaks.

Sanitation facilities in slums are equally inadequate. Of the 6,800 community toilet blocks in Mumbai, 69% lacked water connections, and 60% had no electricity. Only 25% of public toilet seats were designated for women, with one seat serving 86 men and 81 women—well above the Swachh Bharat Mission’s norms.

Civic complaints have surged by 70% since 2015, with a 380% increase in solid waste management issues. In 2024, 44% of the 14,522 water-related complaints were about shortages, and the average resolution time increased from 32 days in 2023 to 41 days in 2024.

Despite improvements in water quality, waterborne diseases have risen. Diarrhea cases increased by 19% from 2019 to 2023, and cholera cases rose by 114% during the same period. Experts attribute this to insufficient water sampling and inconsistent supply, particularly in slum areas.

The Praja Foundation recommends implementing 100% metered water connections in slums, constructing sufficient functioning public and community toilets, and promoting composting and circular economy practices to manage biodegradable waste.

These findings underscore the urgent need for equitable distribution of water and improved sanitation infrastructure in Mumbai’s slums to address public health concerns and enhance the quality of life for residents.

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