In a strong rebuke of the rising phenomenon of “bulldozer justice,” the Supreme Court has issued binding directives to curb the arbitrary demolition of private property by executive agencies—typically carried out in the name of punishing alleged criminals. The Court emphasized that such actions violate fundamental rights, including the right to property (Article 300A) and the right to shelter under Article 21, and undermine the judiciary’s role in determining guilt .

A bench led by ex‑CJI D.Y. Chandrachud (with Justices Pardiwala and Misra) described the trend as “simply unacceptable under the rule of law,” warning that it could lead to selective reprisals and erasure of citizens’ voices through fear .

Minimum 15-day notice with written and visible declarations

Personal hearing to contest demolition proposals with documented orders

Option to appeal and sufficient time to vacate

Videography, spot-reporting, and public recording of the demolition process

Accountability mechanisms, including compensation and contempt proceedings for non-compliant officials

These guidelines reflect the Court’s resolve to safeguard procedural fairness and uphold the separation of powers—ensuring the executive cannot act as judge and jury.

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